This experiment explored the possibility of a developmental
shift from organization according to associative criteria to
organization according to taxonomic criteria. First, fourth
and seventh graders were presented with a list of items which
could be organized equally well into either groups of taxonomic
or associative pairs. Children were randomly assigned
to either the Sort or No Sort Condition. While clustering
levels for children in the Sort Condition were significantly
greater than those of children in the No Sort Condition both
had high overall levels of clustering. First grade children's
organizational styles during sorting, were significantly more
associative than were fourth or seventh graders, who increasingly
organized taxonomically. These results suggest that it
is not that young children are incapable of using effective
organizational strategies to mediate recall, but rather, that
their strategies differ from those of older children and
adults.