Influence of Biological Factors on Connectivity Patterns for Concholepas concholepas (loco) in Chile

In marine benthic ecosystems, larval connectivity is a major process influencing the maintenance
and distribution of invertebrate populations. Larval connectivity is a complex process
to study as it is determined by several interacting factors. Here we use an individual-based,
biophysical model, to disentangle the effects of such factors, namely larval vertical migration,
larval growth, larval mortality, adults fecundity, and habitat availability, for the marine
gastropod Concholepas concholepas (loco) in Chile. Lower transport success and higher
dispersal distances are observed including larval vertical migration in the model. We find an
overall decrease in larval transport success to settlement areas from northern to southern
Chile. This spatial gradient results from the combination of current direction and intensity,
seawater temperature, and available habitat. From our simulated connectivity patterns we
then identify subpopulations of loco along the Chilean coast, which could serve as a basis
for spatial management of this resource in the future.