A category effect of alphanumeric characters in a visual search paradigm
was examined to see whether the effect could be accounted for
by the number of memory comparisons or by an early stage of perceptual
processing. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects searched for
targets in either a within-category or between-category condition.
The two experiments differed by the point in the trials where "catch
trials" were presented. Experiment 3 used new configurations based
on Gestalt principles which had been shown to influence target detection
times at an early level of perceptual processing. The results
of Experiments 1 and 2 favored a perceptual explanation mediating the
effect. In Experiment 3, the critical interaction of category and
Gestalt factors which would have demonstrated a competition in
perceptually parsing the display fell short of significance.