A tale of two dogmas: the early historyof deep-sea reproductive biology.

Writings about deep-sea reproduction have traditionally been placed in the context of two long-standing hypotheses, Orton's Rule and Thorson's
Rule. The former, which predicts continuous reproduction in the
isothermal regions of the deep sea, has now been disproyen for many
species in numerous animal phyla. The latter hypothesis, which predicts
that deep-sea animals should brood, enjoyed widespread acceptance
until very recently, when numerous exceptions have been documented.
Thorson's Rule was originally articulated by several authors of the
Challenger Reports about a half century before it was formalized by
Thorson, but not all of the Challenger authors believed in the absence of
deep-sea larvae. Indeed, a careful search of the literature reveals more
than twenty pieces of evidence for deep-sea pelagic larvae published
before Thorson's 1936 monograph. From the earliest days of deepsea
exploration, biologists could have concluded that reproduction is
accomplished in the deep sea by a diversity of mechanisms.