Review of some recent developments in sustainable shrimp farming practices in Texas, Arizona, and Florida

The world shrimp-farming industry is currently experiencing major crop losses due to disease outbreaks, which are often associated with environmental degradation. Such losses can be minimized through the adaptation of technologies that enhance biosecurity and environmental control. Current technologies suggest that a shrimp yield as high as 10 kg/m2/crop can be achieved in indoor, super-intensive, closed recirculation systems in which environmental parameters are controlled. Nevertheless, high construction and operating costs make the financial viability of these systems questionable. Production of shrimp with reduced water exchange in outdoor ponds is another promising method to minimize monetary losses and environmental degradation.