The appearance of the Aurignacian industry exemplifies the significant transition from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic in Europe. The Aurignacian industry (associated with anatomically modern Homo sapiens) spread rapidly throughout Eastern, Central, and Western Europe and is very different from the preceding Middle Paleolithic industry (associated with Neanderthals). The Aurignacian is a standardized industry and presents an innovative tool kit, an advanced technology and a distinct record of non-utilitarian artifacts. There is much controversy surrounding the origin of the Aurignacian industry that may be explained by one of three modes of technological transmission: demic migration, technological diffusion or local innovation.