Physiological Condition of Juvenile Wading Birds in Relation to Multiple Landscape Stressors in the Florida Everglades: Effects of Hydrology, Prey Availability, and Mercury Bioaccumulation

The physiological condition of juvenile birds can be influenced by multiple ecological stressors, and few studies have
concurrently considered the effects of environmental contaminants in combination with ecological attributes that can
influence foraging conditions and prey availability. Using three temporally distinct indices of physiological condition, we
compared the physiological response of nestling great egrets (Ardea alba) and white ibises (Eudocimus albus) to changing
prey availability, hydrology (water depth, recession rate), and mercury exposure in the Florida Everglades. We found that the
physiological response of chicks varied between species and among environmental variables. Chick body condition (shortterm
index) and fecal corticosterone levels (medium-term) were influenced by wetland water depth, prey availability, region,
and age, but not by mercury contamination. However, mercury exposure did influence heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in
egret chicks, indicating a longer-term physiological response to contamination. Our results indicate that the physiological
condition of egret and ibis chicks were influenced by several environmental stressors, and the time frame of the effect may
depend on the specialized foraging behavior of the adults provisioning the chicks.