Treatment of Kleine-Levin Syndrome With Intranasal Photobiomodulation and Methylene Blue

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of
idiopathic hypersomnia, and cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, such as memory loss and child-like
language. There is no definitive etiology for KLS; however, there are hypotheses of genetic predisposition,
autoimmune mechanisms, and abnormal thalamic and hypothalamic functioning. Similarly, there is no
definitive treatment for KLS as one method may be beneficial for one patient and not for another. We
present a case of KLS in a patient who has no clinical improvement in symptoms with a variety of
treatments. The parents of the patient agreed to attempt a trial of intranasal photobiomodulation (i-PBM)
with red light, in combination with methylene blue (MB). The patient showed remission of the KLS episode
following treatment with no further KLS episodes reported after treatment.