Trade and professional associations exist to benefit their members and the
industry or profession they represent. In such organizations, one of the
major problems is to keep the activities and policies of the association
open to scrutiny by an input from the members. Two forces work against
the easy solution of this problem: membership apathy and the development
of rule by oligarchy. This thesis focuses on the functions and structures
of trade and professional associations; on the characteristics of their
members and leaders; and on the question of rule by oligarchy.
The many functions performed by these associations, along with
the complex structural constraints under which they operate are shown to
have an affect upon their management. Member attitudes are explored and
trends on critical issues compared over a six year period. The nature
and role of association leaders are examined. Finally, the crucial problem
of the emergence of oligarchical rule (rule by the few) is examined
through the use of survey data relating to such things as member
participation; leadership succession and access to leadership roles.