Education, Curriculum and Instruction

Structural hierarchies are deeply embedded in institutions such as our educational system. It can be argued that this type of model reinforces an aggressive worldview and fosters an atmosphere of violence. Teaching students to communicate compassionately should promote empathy, discourage verbal aggression and reinforce a more peaceful worldview. To accomplish this, educators need a means of replacing hegemony that assumes hierarchy and aggressive conflict are inevitable. Marshall Rosenberg's (2001) Nonviolent Communication (NVC) may provide educators with an appropriate tool. Rosenberg's model counters the prevailing hegemony making it an ideal candidate to explore in relation to these issues. This paper examines the impact of adding an NVC workshop to two types of communication courses and whether Rosenberg's model would be a useful addition to a college curriculum.

A baseline examination of real estate licensees' ethical reasoning abilities implemented by this researcher in 1993 indicated that the subjects (n = 82) were ethically immature compared to adults in general. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of ethics instruction upon the moral reasoning ability of adult real estate students. The subjects were drawn from two real estate post-licensing classes offered at a private vocational school: one class (n = 14) served as the experimental group and received the traditional curriculum without ethics instruction; the other class (n = 21) served as the treatment group and received a 15 hour ethics program as part or their 45 hour program. The ethics program used in this study incorporated the best teaching practices described in research literature, including small group discussion, role play and teacher- and peer-led activities designed to simulate the reality of the real estate business. Subjects were administered the Defining Issues Test (DIT), a measure of moral reasoning, as a pre- and post-test. ANOVA and ANCOVA indicated that students in the treatment group experienced the Blatt Effect, a one-developmental stage increase in their moral reasoning abilities: the mean P-score at the beginning of the program was 27.07; at the end of the program, the mean P-score was 41.24. Students in the control group did not experience significant change in their scores. Further analysis indicated that gender was significant: female licensees scored higher on the DIT than did males. Those licensees who were members of the National Association of Realtors, a professional society with its own code of ethics, also scored higher than did non-members. No significant relationships were found between DIT scores and the licensees' age, license status, sales experience, real estate income, or level of formal education. The overall results of this study indicate that the ethics intervention program was effective in improving DIT scores. The probability exists that this program might have a similar effect on a larger sample of licensees as well as on other professionals.

The focus of this study was to determine whether the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum improved knowledge and understanding of the U.S. Constitution of middle school minority students. A second focus of this study was to determine if the same curriculum improved student perception of their rights and responsibilities in American society. The Test on the History and Principles of the United States Constitution Level II was used to determine whether there existed a difference between middle school minority students participating in the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum and middle school minority students enrolled in the traditional textbook-driven civics education program. The second instrument, Student Perception Questionnaire, measured perception of the rights and responsibilities of middle school minority students who participated in the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum and students enrolled in the traditional textbook-driven civics education curriculum. The instruments were administered to a total of 247 8th grade middle school students. The inquiry found significant differences in knowledge and understanding between 8th grade students who used the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum and students who used the traditional textbook-driven civics education curriculum. Independent sample t tests revealed mean pretest values to be nearly identical but posttest values to be higher among students using the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum. The results demonstrated that the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum had a greater impact on the knowledge and understanding of the U.S. Constitution of middle school minority students participating in the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum compared to students enrolled in the traditional textbook-driven civics education program. The study also found that there was only a marginally improved student perception between those students who participated in the We the People...The Citizen and the Constitution curriculum and students enrolled in the traditional textbook-driven curriculum. Independent sample tests revealed that the change was insignificant. Research on effective citizenship education programs in American schools can play a significant role in the continuous efforts of social studies educators in promoting political participation among minority populations.

The purpose of this research study was to measure perceptions of the teaming process in distance learning courses. A survey instrument was adapted and developed based on the benchmarks found in a research study by the Institute of Higher Education Policy. Data was gathered from 100 students enrolled in an Internet-based (web-assisted, web-enhanced, or online) course in the College of Education at Florida Atlantic University. Results showed that the majority of respondents (n = 75 or 75%) were female, in the age range of 18--30 (n = 48 or 48%), were Caucasian American (n = 74 or 74%), were graduate students (n = 68 or 68%), had been using computers for 5+ years (n = 84 or 84%), had taken 1--2 Internet-based courses (n = 38 or 38%), and were taking the current course as an elective, as a requirement, and/or because it was convenient (n = 49 or 49%). A thematic analysis yielded three subscales, collaborative process, instructional design, and learning team process, for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that there are significant relationships between and among the subscales. Highly correlated variables in each of the subscales included the perception that communication with the professor should be facilitated through a variety of ways (M = 5.02), the perception that course materials should promote collaboration among class members (M = 4.56), and the perception that group work should include problem-solving activities to facilitate topic understanding (M = 4.66). Results from the survey questionnaire indicated that communication is crucial between professors and students. Course materials should be structured to promote collaboration among class participants, which in turn indicates how critical good instructional design is in the delivery of distance education courses. Activities that promote collaboration among students, such as problem-solving activities, should be considered in the course design and delivery so that teaming and collaboration occur. Research, interviews, and data analysis of the pilot study (field test) and final research study provided information for the development of the Virtual Learning Team Survey. This survey is designed to help develop effective and efficient distance education courses.

An investigation was made of the relationship between personal
factors of selected urban geriatric populations in Dade and Broward
Counties, Florida and t he self concepts of the subjects as measured
by scores on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Subjects under study
were one hundred fifty-nine men and women volunteers over the age of
sixty who were participants at the eight Senior Centers of Dade
County, Ida Fisher Junior High's Community School, or Broward
Community College's Services for the Elderly Program.
The instrument used to obtain the personal factors information
(senior center, birthplace, ethnic group, sex, marital status, age,
religious preferernce, number of children, income, former occupation,
education) was a questionnaire devised by the investigator consisting
of nineteen questions. The self concept assessments were obtained by
using the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. The self concept scores which
were used in this study were Total Positive, Self Criticism, Physical
Self, Moral-Ethical Self, Personal Self, Family Self, and Social Self.
The responses on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale and questionnaire
were compared using a univariate analysis of variance for each
personal factor as compared with each of the seven scores on the
Tennessee Self Concept Scale for each subject. The results of this
comparison were in terms of an F-test of analysis of variance, and the
results were considered significant if they exceeded the .05 level.
Additionally, data were graphed by senior center.
Of the eleven personal factors which were investigated, six bore
some significant relationship (at the .05 level) to one or more self
concept scores of the subjects under investigation. These factors were
senior center, sex, birthplace, educational level, ethnic group, and
religious preference.
When the data were graphed by senior center, it was found that
Claude Pepper, Edison Courts, James Scott, Metropolitan, Smathers, and
Ida Fisher senior centers had a similar Tennessee Self Concept Scale
profile and similarities in the personal factors of birthplace, ethnic
group, sex, marital status, religious preference, number of children,
income, and education. Myers, Jollivette, and Malcolm Ross Senior
Centers had similar Tennessee Self Concept Scale profiles and similarities
in the personal factors of sex, marital status, number of
children, income, and education. Broward Community College's Services
for the Elderly Center had a unique profile and was exceptional in
that its attendants had been professionals and had attended graduate
school.