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Event memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown that older adults are more likely to make these errors. This study aims to look more closely at the effects of own-age bias on face recognition and conjunction errors made in memory for events. Younger adults were tested on their memory for both younger and older adults seen performing simple actions in video clips as well as in "mug shot" photograph tests.

The Black Panther Party was the most famous group born out of the Black Power Movement. Because of the group's inherent link to the Black Power Movement, and the group's slogan of "Black Power," many people, both black and white, believed, and continue to believe, that the Black Panther Party was a group with racial motives. However, this conceptualization of the Party was, and is, incorrect. While the Black Panther Party began as an outgrowth of the black civil rights movement, the Panthers quickly evolved into a revolutionary vanguard with a non-racial, class-oriented agenda.

The histories of France and the United States of America are often compared alongside the judicial systems of each country. While the histories of the countries, starting with the French and American revolutions, have similarities, the judicial systems themselves are based on different schools of thought. The French method of judicial decision making is based on the Napoleonic code whereas the American method is based on that of common law. In available literature regarding comparisons of France and the United States, it is an assumption that, if the American and French judicial systems are based on different legal theories, the cultural effects of those systems must also be different. Contrary to these expectations, however, my analysis of court cases focusing on labor unions' right to strike demonstrates that there are similarities in judicial decisions' effects on society.

Christian churches in the United States are very diverse. The diversity seen often goes unmentioned by religion and immigration scholars who write about the key role churches play in the assimilation of Hispanic immigrants. Scholars use the word "church" in order to refer to all Christian religious institutions. The use of one word to encompass the broad range of institutions can misguide readers to believe that all Christian churches in the United States help Hispanic immigrants assimilate in the same way. This comparative study includes Anglo, Immigrant, and Transnational Christian churches throughout the United States The focus is to explore the particular methods by which immigrants forge identities in Christian churches, identities with assimilation potential into an already multi-cultural, American society. Whether immigrants build an ethnic identity, a religious identity, or a mix of both, there is no guarantee that the identity developed will help immigrants assimilate.

James Ensor's depictions of Belgian cities and their inhabitants offer a derisive critique of modern urban space, and the resulting societal transformations, that developed during the nineteenth century. His illustrations of the contemporary urban societies of Brussels and Ostend generally always include images of crowds and masks, elements which represent the horror and emptiness of the modern city.

The two main characters of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse interpret and find meaning in the world around them in two different ways. Mrs. Ramsey seeks a form of meaning that exists independent of her in the world. Lily, on the other hand, won't rely on meaning that is predetermined or inherent in the world outside of her own perception of it. Both of these positions are problematic because neither one of them actually allows the characters to establish a way in which to understand their world. It is only when Lily gains insight from Mrs. Ramsey's position that she is finally able to form a new, third strategy, represented in the act of painting, which allows her to create a kind of meaning that succeeds where her and Mrs. Ramsey's original strategies had failed. In the completion of her work of art she has both represented her vision and established her own way of relating to and understanding her world.

Nearshore sabellariid worm rock reefs tracts along Florida's east cost provide developmental habitat for many juvenile green turtles.

Prior to 2000, very little was known about fish biodiversity on the New England Seamount chain. In late 2000, 115 fish species were found on Bear Seamount by the NOAA R/V "Delaware II." Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution conducted two cruises to explore the New England Seamount chain in 2003. This study assessed fish species throughout Alvin submersible dives during these 2003 cruises. Digital video footage was converted to still photographs and video clips using the Macintosh movie program iMovie. Fishes were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level using keys and literature. The habitat, depth and behavior of observed fishes were compared to the literature available. Geographical distributions of the species were considered. I assessed substrate preference by building a chart that reflects the different sediment regimes that fishes were found on. In all I identified 317 individuals representing 33 different taxa, including two species with new habitat range information Neocyttus helgae and Lepidion sp.

The purpose of this paper is to bypass the generalizations surrounding the Arab democracy deficit in order to gain a better understanding of the variables that interact to produce the unusual stability and duration of Arab authoritarian regimes. A critical cross-case analysis is used to examine the Middle East's two most enduring regimes: the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt. The survival of these regimes is comprehensible in terms of manipulation of Islamic precepts, control of economic development, and external support, chiefly from the United States.

The current use of the phrase "wall of separation" between church and state as a legal defense for the removal of religious expression (particularly Protestant Christianity), i.e., religious expression, from governmental institutions and the prohibition of the free exercise of individuals working within them goes contrary not only to the original intent of the Founders and the Framers but also to the religious, political, and legal history and traditions of the United States of America. The abundance of historical evidence reduces the colonial contentions to three: 1) no legal establishment of one sect of Christianity or another religion as the national religion; 2) no legal prohibition against the free exercise of religious conscience of any religions, especially minority ones; 3); and no taxation of the citizenry for the support of a legally preferred religion. The application of these three prongs of the "historical test" will reduce litigation, minimize judicial vacillation, and uphold the principles that precipitated the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment.