Convolutional neural networks

The relentless expansion of space exploration necessitates the development of robust and dependable anomaly detection systems (ADS) to safeguard the safety and efficacy of space missions. Conventional anomaly detection methods often falter in the face of the intricate and nuanced dynamics of space systems, resulting in a proliferation of false positives and/or false negatives. In this study, we explore into cutting-edge techniques in deep learning (DL) to tackle the challenges inherent in ADS. This research offers an in-depth examination of recent breakthroughs and hurdles in deep learning-driven anomaly detection tailored specifically for space systems and operations. A key advantage of deep learning-based anomaly detection lies in its adaptability to the diverse data encountered in space missions. For instance, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel at capturing spatial dependencies in high-dimensional data, rendering them well-suited for tasks such as satellite imagery analysis. Conversely, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), with their temporal modeling prowess, excel in identifying anomalies in time-series data generated by spacecraft sensors. Despite the potential of deep learning, several challenges persist in its application to anomaly detection in space systems. The scarcity of labeled data presents a formidable hurdle, as acquiring labeled anomalies during space operations is often prohibitively expensive and impractical. Additionally, the interpretability of deep learning models remains a concern, particularly in mission-critical scenarios where human operators need to comprehend the rationale behind anomaly predictions.

Gliomas are an aggressive class of brain tumors that are associated with a better prognosis at a lower grade level. Effective differentiation and classification are imperative for early treatment. MRI scans are a popular medical imaging modality to detect and diagnosis brain tumors due to its capability to non-invasively highlight the tumor region. With the rise of deep learning, researchers have used convolution neural networks for classification purposes in this domain, specifically pre-trained networks to reduce computational costs. However, with various MRI modalities, MRI machines, and poor image scan quality cause different network structures to have different performance metrics. Each pre-trained network is designed with a different structure that allows robust results given specific problem conditions. This thesis aims to cover the gap in the literature to compare the performance of popular pre-trained networks on a controlled dataset that is different than the network trained domain.