Gender

Prior studies examine either CEO, CFO, or audit committee member gender as a determinant of audit quality. In contrast, this study makes the unique contribution of examining the interactive effects between a gender diverse CEO-CFO dyad and a gender diverse audit committee on audit quality. Further, prior studies examine the attribute of gender as a determinant of audit quality in isolation. I examine the effect of gender on audit quality in tandem with the potentially moderating effect of managerial overconfidence. In doing so, this study makes the unique contribution of examining whether the socialized construct of gender, or the cognitive bias of overconfidence, will weigh more heavily on decisions that relate to audit quality. Results supplement social role and role congruity theories which suggest female leaders are socialized to adopt a management style resulting in more transparent financial reporting and higher audit quality. Specifically, I find incrementally higher audit quality associated with a gender diverse CEO-CFO dyad and audit committee. Further, I find firms with overconfident female CFOs are associated with higher audit quality than firms with overconfident male CFOs. This implies the pressure to maintain the socialized gender role appears to constrain the female manager’s overconfident tendencies. Finally, in a subsample of overconfident CFOs, I find gender diverse audit committees temper female more than male overconfidence for effects on audit quality.

The overall goal of the present study was to examine the data from several research studies to aid in understanding sex, ASD, and its subcomponents using the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale or GARS-2, an ASD diagnostics questionnaire, and to explore the relation between facial emotional recognition, sex, and ASD. We did not find a significant difference in the GARS-2 overall scores, nor was there a difference in the GARS-2 subscale scores when examining the scores of boys and girls (both ASD and TD). Our findings suggest the GARS-2 is an excellent choice in diagnostic measures and does not appear to have a sex bias. That being said, research into ASD measures is much needed. This is a significant issue as such research does not consider the potential different symptomology of girls with ASD. The issue at the heart of this study is that for so long research on ASD has been limited to studying samples of boys with the disorder (Lundstrom et al., 2019).

This study tests a model that draws on human capital theory to explain how individual characteristics of founding entrepreneurs influence performance of their new businesses. Using data from Project GATE (Growing America Through Entrepreneurship), this research study assesses the direct effect of gender on new venture performance and the moderating role of gender on the relationship between general and specific human capital and new venture performance.

Gender is a primary frame used in social interaction. Using this primary frame guides our relations with another person or a group of people because it is a basic cultural tool that allows for the basic framing of who one is. Our gender ideologies, or our notions of gender, are shaped by varying other aspects of our identities and material realities. Gender strategies draw upon this to solve a specific problem (Hochschild 1989, Wade and Ferree 2019). The skatepark is a masculinist space, overrun with men and boys who consider themselves the “kings of the park” (Pomerantz et al 2004). In the case of women who roller skate at the skatepark, they are subordinated, harassed both physically and sexually, as well as outright ignored by men inhabiting the park, which poses an additional safety hazard. To understand how women who roller skate solve these problems, I explore the following questions: How do women construct their identities in the skatepark and how does gender structure behavior in this space? What strategies do women employ in order to successfully navigate the masculinist skatepark as a feminized, and thus marginalized, roller skater?
Women roller skaters’ gender strategies operate at three levels: individual, interactional, and group. I focus on three themes: First pariah femininity to claim space as women, which contrasts with emphatic sameness of skateboarder women. Second, defensive othering of “Ramp Tramps,” the girlfriends or onlookers whose passivity embodies emphasized femininity and who are rejected by the women roller skaters. Third, the creation of community as an alternative subculture in order to navigate their subordinate status within the park.

Throughout history, women in comics have played subordinate or lesser roles compared to males and were stereotyped. Today, representations have improved in comic-based tv shows. This thesis is answering three research questions: How does one define a “strong female character” within the comic-based and comic-styled genres, specifically in the TV shows Jessica Jones, Agent Carter, and Wynonna Earp? How does race/gender intersectionality affect the ways in which the non-white characters express masculinity or femininity compared to the white characters? How do the videos made by fans of the three tv series define a “strong female character?” This study applies textual and participatory cultures analyses. It is interdisciplinary and uses theories from different areas. This research finds that Agent Carter, Jessica Jones, and Wynonna Earp simultaneously reinforce and challenge stereotypes such as emphasized femininity, hegemonic masculinity and the “Black Buck.” Future research might examine white stereotypes with the white heroines.

This mixed methods study examines the lived experiences of six female high school band directors in the state of Florida as they related to the perceptions of the professional band association membership. This research focuses on how women and men perceive their experiences in relation to gender roles and gender-stereotyping in the traditionally masculine field of secondary instrumental music. A quantitative survey was distributed to the professional band association membership and 99 responses were recorded. Participants answered questions regarding years of teaching experience, grade levels taught, primary instrument, and their thoughts on the impact of gender on several aspects of instrumental music education.
The survey results revealed that women feel strongly about the impact that gender has on instrument selection, performance opportunities, and job opportunities while men remain largely neutral. Out of the 99 responses, 6 participants that met the criteria for the qualitative interview portion of the study were contacted to arrange interviews

In this work I investigate how executive social connections and executive gender diversity dually affect firm Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a set of firm policies implemented to benefit the social, economic, and environmental welfare of all stakeholders, and how the changes in CSR driven by executive social connections and executive gender diversity in turn affect a range of corporate policies. This research adds to the social networks, gender, and CSR literature within finance in multiple ways. First, while much past work examines the impact on corporate policy of executive gender or executive social connections in isolation, no major work to date examines the impact of gender dependent executive social connections on corporate policy. Second, this work definitively ties the dual effects of executive gender diversity and social connections to firm CSR. The dual impact of social connections and gender diversity on CSR is shown to affect major corporate policies. In all, this work provides evidence that CSR helps drive important firm polices, including M&A and executive compensation policy, and that CSR is impacted by both a firm’s executive gender diversity and social network connections.