Quality of work life.

Bartending makes for an interesting case study in that it brings together research
on emotional labor and tipped front-line service jobs, as well as the contemporary
increase in precarity in work and precarity in life. This project explores the material and
identity processes of bartending, examining how a precarious job with high expectations
of emotional labor in-turn affects the occupational and personal identities of those
employed in the industry. Overall three overarching themes were identified: (1) When
wages are outsourced to customers via tipping systems workers are exposed to
particularly high emotional demands, rendering bartending a unique form of quid pro quo
emotional labor. (2) Bartenders exist in a “default career” mode of employment that is
stigmatized for being low-status low-skilled labor. (3) Performing emotional labor and
managing stigma creates a divergence between bartender’s personal and occupational
identities resulting in constant identity work on and off the job.

The purpose of this research was to determine if a relationship exists between
McGregor’s Leadership Theory and subjective states of well-being among higher
educational leaders in state and community colleges in Florida. The underlying
supposition was that the preference for what Douglas McGregor called Theory X or
Theory Y assumptions, indicate intrinsic assumptions about human nature and are linked
to subjective happiness. Quantitative data were collected through electronic
administration of two surveys and demographic questions to higher educational leaders at
28 state and community colleges in the State of Florida. These instruments measured
levels of well-being through the PERMA-Profiler instrument and preferences for Theory
X or Theory Y using the Theory X and Theory Y Managerial Assumptions Inventory.
Multiple correlation and regression analyses were used to address the research questions.
This study detected no relationship between well-being and happiness in this sample.