Keaton, Kenneth

This dissertation examines the teaching of environmental awareness in
Peru's public educational system and how it needs to be consciously taught and
improved in order to overcome contamination and pollution of resources and
decrease poverty. This is a situation afflicting a significant percentage of
Peruvians, who face difficulty in surviving and living well because the scarcity of
clean air and water, unpolluted land, and affordable energy, which are basic
environmental resources. The teaching of environmental awareness, as
mandated by Educational Peruvian Laws and curriculum, should be redesigned
to promote environmental ethical awareness and sustainability to guard Peru's
natural and cultural resources, bounty and beauty before it is too late. In this
way, education will promote a better level of life for the majority of Peruvians.
Peruvian public education is presently in a state of emergency, as has been recognized by the former minister of education Javier Sota Nadal (2004-2006).
Only 1 0% of students leaving high school understand what they read and only
4% do well in mathematics. A number of reasons contribute to this tragedy.
Among them is principally the low quality of teaching and the inadequate budget
available for public education. Peru's laws, echoing the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, and mandate good and free education and guarantee the right to
live well. The reality is that none of these rights are properly given to the majority
of poor Peruvians.
This dissertation offers a course of action to teach and spread out not only
environmental awareness, but also environmental ethics and sustainability from a
personal perspective. This rounded concept, if applied, will form citizens able to
guard, protect, and preserve natural and cultural resources. The needed
environmental ethics and sustainability education will gradually guarantee, from
early in life, a truthful way to love, care, protect and preserve the ecosystem. Also
encompassed within this concept is to positively influence the behavior of
professionals, economists, politicians, and citizens. It envisions
interconnectedness between humans and the environment based on the
teaching of environmental ethics and sustainability, educating children to develop
critical thinking, and creativity, as well as adopting eco-design principles. This
different approach could definitely better the new generation's contribution to
preserve natural and cultural resources and to reduce poverty as well as
contribute an example to other countries. Present and future Peruvian generations will be able to connect, care, protect, and sustain resources, so
when it comes to sustainable development, they will be fully aware of the
consequences of their actions toward the environment, themselves and their
children's well being. In this way, education would truly fulfill its responsibility.

This dissertation examines the interrelationship of technology, music, and social
change during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The analysis centers upon
operas produced during these centuries beginning with the first opera of Claudio
Monteverdi in 1607 and closing with the final opera of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in
1791.
The historical foundation of music, technology and social change at the beginning
of the Seventeenth Century will first be established. Events that directly influence this
relationship will then be examined regarding their influence upon opera development.
An explanation ofthe subjects of music, technology, and social change and a discussion
of the interrelationships between these three topics precedes this historical analysis.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed Die Zauberflöte in the last year of his life.
It was intended in part to glorify Freemasonry as a new Emperor, more hostile to the
Masons, took his office. After a brief survey of his life and works, this paper shows how
Mozart used number symbolism in the opera, and will equip the reader with an
understanding of this as practiced by the Freemasons. Further, it will show how Mozart
associated the characters of the opera with specific musical tones. It will expose a deeper
understanding of the question of meaning in word and text in his opera.

History shows that Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was a devout member of
the Lutheran faith. Studying Bach’s life reveals that two sects of Lutheranism were the
most influential to him, Orthodoxy and Pietism. A brief historical study of these two
sects’ founders and their theology are presented in this document. All of Bach’s
compositions are a reflection of his Christian beliefs but none is greater than his St.
Matthew Passion. Although Bach is known to be a member of the Orthodox
denomination, by observing the parallels between the beliefs of the two sects and the St. Matthew Passion, this document reveals Bach to take a more liberal view. This thesis intends to show that Bach’s St. Matthew Passion is a universal piece of Christian music that transcends religious denomination. Ultimately, Bach’s faith was centered on Jesus Christ and His message.

The entity of Lucifer has long been an area of study and confusion throughout
history. Among notable literary minds, Dante Alighieri stands out as an illuminating poet
who brings to light the essence and nature of this nefarious character and his influence on mankind. In his revelatory work, the Commedia, Dante touches on but does not explicitly detail the scope and importance that music and specifically, song, has on the redemptive purgation of the soul. This work provides a more in depth investigation into the generally overlooked issue, that is, the origin and initial intent of song, the perversion of which, by whom and why, and Dante’s perception of the subject revealed in his missive to mankind. Along scientific theory, along with other works by Dante to provide a link between Lucifer, music, the sin of pride, and the corruption of the divine.

Individuals throughout time have had a desire to reach beyond their surrounding intellectual and physical environment and explore new territories. Throughout their lives they have continually acquired knowledge. Technology is the application of this knowledge to solve problems. As the knowledge base of humankind has grown at an exponential rate, the presence of technology has also grown. Today technology has surpassed controls and is moving at a rampant rate of speed permitting the introduction of new levels of knowledge in all different layers of society. This, however, permits the creation and expression of new thoughts without the acquisition of previously required knowledge. Creativity is progressing rapidly without controls and the objects being created are somewhat questionable.

Over the last several years the Broward County, Florida school system has experienced a dramatic decline in music programs. In Broward County, as in many school systems across the nation, programs in music and the other arts are finding themselves reduced because of curtailed funding. The problems are constantly debated by school board members and top administration officials. Meanwhile, young people are deprived of music. A major concern of the music community has been an inability to propose a truly self-justifying curriculum. Therefore, an aesthetically based curriculum supplement has been developed with the intention of cementing the place of music in the overall elementary school curriculum. This will be a major approach to curriculum building with instruction, which will include music theories, musical styles and periods, musicians, composition and historical facts. The objective is to create an understanding of music, establishing music as an integral part of school curriculum.

Leonard Bernstein has been known worldwide as an outstanding conductor and composer, but only to a lesser extent as a music educator. His involvement and achievements as a music educator are enormous and collectively deserve greater attention. This thesis brings greater attention to those ventures by tracing his musical development and his career as a music educator.

It has been said that John Cage has had a greater impact on world music than any other American composer in the 20th Century. His work spans the media of visual art, dance, literature, and most relevant to this study, theater. What seemed to be a troubled personal state in his life led him to Eastern philosophies. The Zen philosophy of non-intention led to the creation of music that expressed no emotion and allowed the audience to do its own listening. Moreover, this indeterminacy allowed music to be action. This theatrical approach influenced a generation of artists that became the heart of the anti-art movement. This movement included happenings, multi-media works, and Fluxus. Many of these events were not only a revolt against conventional art, but also the state of political and social thought. In attempting to say nothing in his works, Cage communicated his manifesto quite well.

In the fall of 1973, Leonard Bernstein assumed the Poetic Chair of the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures and presented The Unanswered Question: Six Talks at Harvard in which he extended Noam Chomsky's linguistic theory of deep structure and transformational grammar to encompass not only musico-linguistic analogues, but also the deeper abstract concepts these forms of communication share. Most importantly, he explored beyond this conceptual domain to an even more essential source of creative expression---the realm of the ineffable. Bernstein's circle metaphor represents this paradoxical, transcendental sphere. This thesis extrapolates the profound philosophic threads inferred by Bernstein's lectures, and analyzes the developing logic of his metaphysical-aesthetic Weltanschauung.