Nociception

Insect grooming has various functions, including defense against parasites and pathogens, cleaning of dust particles, and maintenance of sensory receptors. The hierarchy of grooming behavior suggests that cleaning one body part is more crucial than the other, the priority order more specifically being eyes, antennae, abdomen, then wings, followed by the thorax. Histamine is an extensively studied neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system of many animals. In Drosophila, histamine is found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and is necessary for visual and mechanosensory behaviors. Histamine-gated chloride channel 1 (HisCl1) and Ora transientless (Ort) are two characterized histamine receptors, both of which are vital for visual signaling in the fly.