Reynolds number.

This thesis has described a Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes approach to
modeling turbulence in the wake of a cylinder and airfoil. The mean flow, cross stresses,
and two-point space time correlation structure was analyzed for an untripped cylinder
with a Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter and freestream velocity of
60,000. The same features were also analyzed using this approach for an untripped
NACA 0012 airfoil with a Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord and freestream
velocity of 328,000. These simulation results were compared to experimental and newly
developed models for validation. The ultimate goal of this present study was to create the
two-point space time correlation function of a cylinder and airfoil wake using RANS
calculations which contributes to a larger study where the sound radiated by an open rotor
due to ingestion of turbulence.

The flow field behavior of axial flow turbines is of great importance, especially in
modern designs that may operate at a low Reynolds number. At these low Reynolds
numbers, the efficiency loss is significantly augmented compared to higher Reynolds
number flows. A detailed incompressible numerical study of a single stage axial-flow
turbine at a low Reynolds number is investigated with the use of multiple eddy-viscosity
turbulence models. The study includes epistemic uncertainty quantification as a form of
numerical error estimation. The numerical results show good qualitative and quantitative
agreement with experimental data. It was found that the shear stress transport (SST) k - ω turbulence model with rotation/curvature correction and inclusion of transition modeling
is most capable at predicting the mean velocity distribution, which is further enhanced
when the URANS formulation is employed. However, all the cases indicate a large
variation in the prediction of the root-mean-squared of the turbulent velocity fluctuations.

Flow Structure and fluid transport via advection around pectoral fin of larval ZebraFish
are studied numerically using Immersed Boundary Method, Lagrangian Coherent
Structure, passive particle tracing, vortex core evolution and four statistically defined
mixing numbers. Experimental fish kinematics for nominal swimming case are obtained
from previous researchers and numerically manipulated to analyze the role of different
body motion kinematics, Reynolds number and fin morphology on flow structure and
transport. Hyperbolic strain field and vortex cores are found to be effective particle
transporter and their relative strength are driving force of varying flow structure and fluid
transport. Translation and lateral undulation of fish; as a combination or individual entity,
has coherent advantages and drawbacks significant enough to alter the nature of fluid
advection. Reynolds number increase enhances overall fluid transport and mixing in varying order for different kinematics and nominal bending position of fin has average
transport capability of other artificially induced fin morphology.