Personality assessment.

Just as people can be described by traits, situations can be described by the
“Situational Eight” DIAMONDS (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity,
Negativity, Deception, Sociality) (Rauthmann et al., 2014). Based upon the common
occurrence of situations in combinations unique to different occupations the current study
sets out to (1) map the DIAMONDS dimensions into the workplace and (2) examine the
relationships between the DIAMONDS dimensions and other measures of work contexts
(Skill, Abilities, Knowledge, etc.). Through the use of a modified version of the S8*
(Rauthmann & Sherman, 2014), the DIAMONDS dimensions were correlated with
scored responses of either individuals in the profession, or professional experts, on
important worker characteristics and occupational requirements for 954 individually
identified occupations (n = 954) compiled by O*NET (National Center for O*NET
Development, 2016).

To elucidate temporal sequences among and between person and situation
variables, this work examines cross-measurement spill-overs between situation
experiences S (on the Situational Eight DIAMONDS characteristics) and personality
states P (on the Big Six HEXACO) in experience sampling data in two studies. Multilevel
modeling of lagged data at tn-1 and non-lagged data at tn grants the opportunity to
examine (a) the stability (P --> P, S --> S), (b) cross-sectional associations (S <--> P), and
(c) cross-lagged associations among and between situation experiences and personality
states (S --> P, P --> S).

The purpose of the current study is to examine emotional and behavioral
interdependence within the triadic family system. Interdependence was assessed over
time between 17 participant groups of mothers, fathers and preschoolers. Responses of
each parent and preschooler were observed during story recitations that were chosen to
elicit positive or negative responses; observations included measures of attention,
external affect, and affective congruency. Parental self-report ratings of expressivity,
negative emotions, and child temperament were compared to observations during story
recitations, as well. Some father-child interactions appeared to be affected by story
condition. However, parent gender had little effect on parent-child interactions overall in
regards to child consistency. The findings suggest that children drive the interactions
more so than parents. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to fully examine the emotional and behavioral interdependence between parents and
preschoolers.

Social media posts are used to examine what people experience in their everyday
lives. A new method is developed for assessing the situational characteristics of social
media posts based on the words used in these posts. To accomplish this, machine learning
models are built that accurately approximate the judgments of human raters. This new
method of situational assessment is applied on two of the most popular social media sites:
Twitter and Facebook. Millions of Tweets and Facebook statuses are analyzed. Temporal
patterns of situational experiences are found. Geographic and gender differences in
experience are examined. Relationships between personality and situation experience
were also assessed. Implications of these finding and future applications of this new
method of situational assessment are discussed.

Situations are important in relation to behavior and personality (Lewin, 1946, 1951; Ross & Nisbett, 1991; Zimbardo, 2007). However, historical studies of situations have suffered from disagreement about their structure. The Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ: Wagerman & Funder, 2009) was developed as a tool to comprehensively measure situation characteristics. Because the RSQ is still relatively new, the factor structure of the RSQ has yet to be examined. Identifying the factor structure of the RSQ is important in order to provide an interpretation of the dimensions of situations and to make the first step in creating a smaller measure of situation characteristics that takes less time for participants to complete. Using a variety of factor extraction methods, 9 factors appeared consistently: Adversity, Social Negativity, Obligation, Cognitive/Intellectual, Mate Attraction, Sensuous, Positivity, and Competition. This study provides in-depth insight into the characteristics of situations based on a quantitative measure from an adult sample.