Electronic Thesis or Dissertation

The accountability era has produced school grading systems that purport to evaluate school effectiveness yet utilize hegemonic formulas that label low-scoring schools and neighborhoods, depriving them of incentive monies tied to their school grades. This quantitative study analyzed the publicly available data of 106 elementary schools in one large urban district in Florida through the lens of Effective Schools Research. Significant findings revealed that the work of Edmonds (1982) and Lezotte (1991) supports a growth model when it comes to school-based assessments and outcomes. The schools in the sample earned cumulative incentive rewards over time that were negatively correlated with the schools’ average percentage of economically disadvantaged students. The lower a school’s average percentage of economically disadvantaged students, the higher the school's average grade. This finding held true for the “A”-graded schools with the lowest average economically disadvantaged percentages from 1999 to 2019. This study also found that the schools in the sample with the larger average percentages of economically disadvantaged students would exhibit higher school grades if calculations using only their language arts and math gains were used. These findings have implications for how we might rebuild the assessment of our neighborhood schools and transform the policy structures that contribute to social and educational inequities.

Teacher turnover is a problem in all types of schools at all levels and is especially troubling in low-performing, high minority, urban schools. School principals have the challenge of building relationships with teachers in order to improve teacher retention while also balancing the many tasks and responsibilities they have throughout the day. Principals of low-performing, urban schools have difficulty retaining teachers and are challenged with hiring qualified teachers as many teacher candidates turn down opportunities to work in their schools. Teachers willing to work in low-performing schools are often lower quality, for example they have temporary teaching certificates or are teaching out of their content area (Baugh, 2021; Darling-Hammond & Post, 2000; Peske & Haycock, 2006). This staffing challenge, combined with vacant positions, has a negative impact on student achievement (Ronfeldt et al., 2013).
This study explores the impact of school leadership on teacher retention in an urban school district specifically focusing on high minority, low-performing, underserved schools. This qualitative multi-site case study explored ways that principals in four low-performing, urban schools in Miami-Dade County established and sustained relationships with novice and experienced teachers as they managed their day-to-day activities. The research was guided by the research question: How do school principals develop and sustain trusting relationships with teachers at low-performing schools and how do these relationships impact teacher retention? Data was collected through principal interviews, focus groups with novice and experienced teachers, and document reviews. Case data was analyzed individually and through a cross-case analysis.

Abortion is an important yet divisive issue that has led to many discussions concerning its legality. In 1973, the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade decriminalized abortion in the United States. On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, jeopardizing abortion access. This study aims to gain insight into the public’s views on abortion through textual analysis of Reddit posts from a subreddit on abortion and interviews with Florida residents. There are two overarching themes present in both sets of results: the impact and effects of abortion bans and shifting gender dynamics. Analysis of Reddit posts reveal a shift in two sub-themes following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, with increased posts related to “Abortion Experiences” and decreased posts in “Emotional Support.” Interviewees were found to lean pro-choice, echoing the results of recent national surveys on people’s perception of abortion, and they emphasized the impact of abortion bans and the importance of support systems.

In this qualitative grounded theory study, I interviewed participants from and analyzed documents associated with three community/state colleges in Florida. Additionally, I have included the perspective of key informants from the state and/or the Florida College System. The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to develop a substantive theory to explain the process by which senior administrative leaders engaged in fiscal decision-making due to shifting funding sources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although prior decision-making theories exist, such as rational choice theory and garbage can theory, these theories do not address how fiscal decisions are made in higher education institutions during times of extended crisis exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic leaders sought to establish resilience as part of their fiscal decision-making process to ensure their ability to lead and maintain viable institutions of higher education. Moreover, through the fiscal decision-making process, the leaders in this study did not permit themselves or their institutions to accept the status quo, rather they extended themselves and their organizations to stretch beyond prior capabilities to respond to ever changing needs of students as well as external stakeholders brought about from the COVID-19 pandemic. The collective experiences of these leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the resilient stretching theory of community college fiscal decision-making, which will be further expounded upon throughout this research study.

Amid the rapid advancements in clinical aesthetics, there lies an intricate gap between the artistic and sensory experience of facial aesthetics and the technical approach of medical sciences. As the field of clinical aesthetics veers further into the realm of the ideal, tensions arise between patient expectations and the practitioner's delivery. Central to this issue is the growing reliance on technology, which often overlooks the immediate sensory experience crucial for aesthetic satisfaction. Drawing inspiration from the arts and humanities, this dissertation introduces "Phenoesthetics" as an epistemological bridge, harmonizing the seemingly disparate domains of sensory experience and scientific analysis. By using visual art, particularly the composite works of the Renaissance artist Giuseppe Arcimboldo, as an illustrative tool, this work seeks to elucidate the dual nature of facial aesthetics perception: the universal, tangible forms and the more abstract, cultural interpretations. By weaving together elements from the arts, humanities, and sciences, this study propounds a Phenoesthetics approach — a comprehensive method designed to enhance understanding and communication in clinical aesthetics. The aim is to provide practitioners with a robust framework, fostering more aligned expectations and improving satisfaction rates in the field of aesthetic medicine.

This study explores the strategies utilized by migrants under the visa regime of international student and their experiences throughout their time as non-immigrant temporary visitors. The concept of “visa regime” forwarded by Banerjee (2022), illustrates the mechanism of state power that controls immigrants and their families through limited legality (Banerjee 2022). Through the qualitative methods of in-depth interviews and ethnographic work, this study compares the experiences of 20 Brazilian international students in a geographical area known for its ethnic communities. South Florida is home to one of the two largest Brazilian communities in the United States, offering an array of opportunities and community support for Brazilian migrants. As demonstrated in this study the experiences of participants demonstrate how the status of international student becomes a waiting room for those hopelessly waiting for an opportunity to acquire permanent residency. With limited pathways to acquire a green card, the waiting room may seem endless for some with limited resources. Leaving both migrants and the educational institutions enabling this waiting room in a vulnerable position.

Synaptogenesis is a requirement for cellular communication, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying synaptogenesis are unclear. Here, we investigate and show the role of the protein Frazzled in synaptogenesis using the transheterozygous Frazzled loss-of-function (LOF) mutant in Drosophila.
Leveraging the UAS-GAL4 expression system, we drove expression of various Frazzled/DCC gene constructs in the Giant Fibers (GF) of flies and found changes to synaptogenesis and axon pathfinding.
We identified decreases in electrical synaptogenesis and distinct axon pathfinding errors in Frazzled LOF mutants. Strikingly, the expression of Frazzled intracellular domain (ICD) significantly rescues both phenotypes, while full-length Frazzled protein only partially rescues these phenotypes, prompting us to explore the role of different domains within the protein. Deleting the P1 and P2 domains of Frazzled does not rescue axon pathfinding but did partially rescue synaptogenesis while deleting the P3 domain failed to rescue either phenotype. Moreover, when we drive expression Frazzled with a point-mutated P3 domain, silencing its transcriptional activation domain, it fails to rescue both synaptogenesis and axon pathfinding.
These results strongly suggest that Frazzled regulates both synaptogenesis and axon pathfinding in the GFs and is necessary for synaptogenesis of the mixed electrochemical GF synapse. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing neural circuit assembly and highlight Frazzled as a key player in axon guidance and synaptic development.

The current use of social media platforms has expanded to wider audiences, including police departments and other law enforcement agencies. The vast material being posted online may lead to it being used by police departments due to social media information being open-sourced. The following study will investigate the police’s use of social media data by collecting qualitative data from crime analysts through the International Association of Crime Analysts (IACA). Participants completed an openended survey describing their experience with collecting data from online social media sources and how it is used to assist with police activity. The results have implications for future research, such as further exploring the methods by which police are expanding their data collection. Caution may be required when sharing information online. Results from the study may inspire future research regarding the privacy and ethical considerations of using social media data collected from the public.

With the recent large-scale adoption of Large Language Models in multidisciplinary research and commercial space, the need for large amounts of labeled data has become more crucial than ever to evaluate potential use cases for opportunities in applied intelligence. Most domain specific fields require a substantial shift that involves extremely large amounts of heterogeneous data to have meaningful impact on the pre-computed weights of most large language models. We explore extending the capabilities a state-of-the-art unsupervised pre-training method; Transformers and Sequential Denoising Auto-Encoder (TSDAE). In this study we show various opportunities for using OCR2Seq a multi-modal generative augmentation strategy to further enhance and measure the quality of noise samples used when using TSDAE as a pretraining task. This study is a first of its kind work that leverages converting both generalized and sparse domains of relational data into multi-modal sources. Our primary objective is measuring the quality of augmentation in relation to the current implementation of the sentence transformers library. Further work includes the effect on ranking, language understanding, and corrective quality.

This study investigates the impact of the Trinidad and Tobago Panyard steelpan experiences on the development of the secondary school, forms one to three (middle school), music teachers’ pedagogical implementation, and how these pedagogical practices are represented in today’s classroom or not. The case study exploration acknowledges that while the instrument was being developed in formal educational systems, there was already a history of teaching and learning of the steelpan in the community Panyard contributing to its global growth. The symbiosis among instructional practices in the Panyard, the K-12 system, and postsecondary institutions continues to be the fertile space for understanding steelpan curriculum and instruction. Using the lenses of Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy, Decoloniality and Legitimation Code theory I analyzed these Panyard steelpan experiences and their impact on teachers’ pedagogical practice. I used some of the data to map the observed integrative knowledge building using the Autonomy dimension of Legitimation Code Theory. “Within-group cultural practices” and “common, across-group cultural practices” (Paris, 2012, p. 95) were also analyzed iteratively, contributing to the growth of both the researcher and participants. This study intentionally provided opportunities to understand Steelpan's histories and social constructs better. Moreover, participants’ backgrounds, biographies and experiences also provided contextual evidence for their pedagogical perspectives (Greene, 2001).