Model
Digital Document
Publisher
Florida Atlantic University
Description
The majority of HIV prevalence is found in Sub-Saharan Africa with 36.9 mil-
lion living with HIV/AIDS. The cultural implications such as patient non-compliance
or denial of available routine medical care can potentially cause limitations on the ef-
fectiveness of detecting such virulent pathogens and manage chronic disease. The lack
of access to healthcare and further socioeconomic impacts hinder the ability to ade-
quately diagnose and treat infection in resource-limited settings. Intervention through
diagnosis and treatment helps prevent the spread of transmission, where pre-exposure
prophylaxis or active disease prevention measures are not readily available. The cur-
rent gold standard for HIV detection is by molecular detection; Reverse-Transcription
Polymerase Chain Reaction is widely used that employs cycles of temperature condi-
tions that require a thermal cycling platform and typically laboratory space for RNA
extraction separate from RT-PCR space required. Serological detection can be ad-
vantageous for surveillance and screening, Lateral Flow Assays and Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) can detect a viral protein (antigen) or antibodies.
The ELISA can require at least 12 hours of assay preparation and takes a diagnostic
laboratory many resources to run. There is need to develop Point-of-Care (POC) testing that can potentially be used for decentralized testing that can leverage ex-
isting technologies such as smart phone capability and routine medical or diagnostic
tests with cutting edge applications leveraging micro
uidics, nanotechnology and in-
tegrated circuit design. Such technologies allow for automated, rapid turnaround
and cost-e ective diagnosis of HIV, where these assays could potentially be read-
ily deployed. It is such technology that can potentially change the way diagnostics
are performed, as POC technology can be rapidly disseminated, enable decentralized
testing and, is user-friendly. A novel smart phone-enabled automated magnetic bead-
based platform was developed for a micro
uidic ELISA for HIV-1 detection at the
POC to meet this demand.
lion living with HIV/AIDS. The cultural implications such as patient non-compliance
or denial of available routine medical care can potentially cause limitations on the ef-
fectiveness of detecting such virulent pathogens and manage chronic disease. The lack
of access to healthcare and further socioeconomic impacts hinder the ability to ade-
quately diagnose and treat infection in resource-limited settings. Intervention through
diagnosis and treatment helps prevent the spread of transmission, where pre-exposure
prophylaxis or active disease prevention measures are not readily available. The cur-
rent gold standard for HIV detection is by molecular detection; Reverse-Transcription
Polymerase Chain Reaction is widely used that employs cycles of temperature condi-
tions that require a thermal cycling platform and typically laboratory space for RNA
extraction separate from RT-PCR space required. Serological detection can be ad-
vantageous for surveillance and screening, Lateral Flow Assays and Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) can detect a viral protein (antigen) or antibodies.
The ELISA can require at least 12 hours of assay preparation and takes a diagnostic
laboratory many resources to run. There is need to develop Point-of-Care (POC) testing that can potentially be used for decentralized testing that can leverage ex-
isting technologies such as smart phone capability and routine medical or diagnostic
tests with cutting edge applications leveraging micro
uidics, nanotechnology and in-
tegrated circuit design. Such technologies allow for automated, rapid turnaround
and cost-e ective diagnosis of HIV, where these assays could potentially be read-
ily deployed. It is such technology that can potentially change the way diagnostics
are performed, as POC technology can be rapidly disseminated, enable decentralized
testing and, is user-friendly. A novel smart phone-enabled automated magnetic bead-
based platform was developed for a micro
uidic ELISA for HIV-1 detection at the
POC to meet this demand.
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