Spanish

The main force that directed the course of Valle-Inclan's
literary work was his spiritualism. This spiritualism, the
essence of Valle-Inclan's Carlism, led to a desire on his
part to transcend the senses and chronological time, and
found expression in his art, guiding the evolution of his
aesthetics from the Sonatas to the Esperpento, permeating
his traditionalism as well as his radicalism, and manifesting
itself in the mystical-aesthetic perspective expounded
in La lampara maravillosa. Valle-Inclan parallels the process
of spiritual life substituting the divine intervention
that characterizes the mystical phenomenon with artificial
means, namely, the use of marihuana. The perspective that
he obtains through this process offers a grotesque, radical
vision of Spanish reality; to better reflect this bitter reality, Valle-Inclan created the technique of the Esperpento.
This approach seeks to clarify the confusion among critics
dealing with this writer's contradictory political postures.

This edition was prepared in order to help the student decipher the
complex dialectical language of this most characteristic play of the
Quintero brothers, which is riddled with the popular speech of southern
Spain. The introduction has four chapters. It begins with an
explanation of the social circumstances in Spain at that time. Followed by a short biography of the authors ; and then, a third chapter
dealing with the characteristics of their works in relation to the
literary mainstream of Spain. The last chapter is a summary and
analysis of the play and its characters. Finally, the annotation in
English, in which special care was taken to identify all difficult
passages; translate them and place them on the same page in which
they occur, in such a way as to achieve a balance between the footnotes and the glossary, to make it easier and more enjoyable to read
the work.

This edition was prepared as an independent or classroom study tool, in Spanish, for students of contemporary Spanish drama. The introduction includes a brief chapter on Valle-Inclan's biography. the following chapters focus their attention on the evolution of the author's style from his early period up to the esperpentos. the opinions of critics are mentioned throughout to familiarize the reader with authoritative references as well as with his work. Once the esperpento period is reached, one chapter is devoted to the treatment of the represented in Luces de bohemia. Finally the play is annotated in English and the difficult vocabulary is glossed. Amplifications at the end of each scene give additional, valuable information. More than fifty sources were consulted and/or quoted. By using this edition the reader deals with only one volume representative of what many references had to say about Valle-Inclan, his times, his works, the esperpento, and Luces the bohemia.

Esta tesis analiza la obra poetica de Jose de Espronceda
desde el punto de vista de su metrica. Espronceda es catalogado
el tipico poeta romantico espanol. Lo que se pretende aqui
es reiterar, a traves de la metrica, la filiacion del poeta al
movimiento. El estudio esta compuesto de los siguientes capitulos:
I) El romanticismo espanol y su metrica; II) El autor
y su obra; III) Las poesias de Espronceda; IV) Borracores y
copias atribuidos a Espronceca; V) Un poema largo; VI) Otro
poema largo. Siguiendo el resumen del movimiento romantico en Espana
en el primer capitulo, el segundo trae la biografia del poeta.
Los capitulos tres, cuatro, cinco y seis estan dedicados a la
obra poetica de Espronceda. Termina este estudio la conclusion
de que la metrica del poeta comprueba la conexion de este a los
preceptos y caracteristicas del movimiento al que pertenece.

Esta tesis es el estudio del amor en la novela Cien
anos de soledad del autor Gabriel Garcia Marquez, estudio
compuesto de los siguientes capltulos: I) El autor y su
obra; II) Incidencias de la realidad socioeconomica, III)
Particularidades del tropico y de las costas latinoamericanas;
IV) El erotismo a la luz del psicoanalisis; V) Influencia
surrealista; VI) Las multiples caras del amor, y
los personajes; VII) La soledad y el amor.
Siguiendo la biografia del escritor en el primer capltulo,
el segundo y tercero enfatizan los factores ambientales
que influencian el amor. El cuarto y quinto analizan
el amor de acuerdo con las teorias psicoanaliticas y la modalidad
literaria del surrealismo. El sexto y septimo complementan
el tema y conducen a La conclusion de que el despliegue
de erotismo que revela la obra, es--contrario a lo
que parece--un mensaje moralizador de su autor.

This study questions the representation of the "black subject" in Alejo Carpentier's ¡Ecue Yamba O! (1933) and Jacques Roumain's Gouverneurs de la rosee (1944), in order to discuss the mechanisms of inclusion and/or "cooptation" employed by the liberal-marxist elite in their nationalist/anticolonial efforts. During the time period in which these two works were written, the ideological, economic and political interventionism of the United States inspired various movements or artistic resistence against "yankee" power in the Caribbean. My study shows how Carpentier and Roumain incorporate the "black subject" in their narratives tin order to generate a national identity to be used as an weapon against U.S. influence in their countries. I also analyze how the characterizations of these "black subjects" in ¡Ecue Yamba O! and Gouverneurs de la rosee, function within the Cuban and Haitian nationalist ideologies of the time period.

The period of Colombian history known as La Violencia (The Violence 1948-1963) was characterized by widespread terror and crime. Liberals and Conservatives faced off in a battle to win control over the state, more specifically, to achieve hegemony. Peasants and urban dwellers were in the middle of such confrontation. And eventually, were co-opted by the rhetoric of each fraction, thereby becoming murderers, victims, or both. Colombian writer Gustavo Alvarez Gardeazabal recreated this time in two of his novels, Condores no entierran todos los dias y El ultimo gamonal. His historical narrative accounts the events and succeeds in recreating the languages and practices of La Violencia. This study will address these themes and explain how Gardeazabal portrays the role of the conservative State and its connections with criminal practices.

The textiles of Jalq'a and Tarabuco, from Bolivia, are known worldwide for their beauty and complex designs. While most academic attention has concentrated on weaving techniques and esthetics, this thesis explores the semiotics of the designs, not only in an ethnographic context, but as an expression of ideology, cosmogony, and the indigenous groups' cultural history. In addition to reading colonial Andean sources on the pre-Inca and Inca weaving traditions, I analyze the symbolic elements of a sample of acsus, women's traditional skirts. I link the symbols still used today to depictions of pre-Inca mythology and the cultural inclusions from Hispanic culture that have created a syncretism from processes of transculturation.

There are characters whose existence depends upon their stories being told, and the same may be said of authors. The Puerto Rican author Manuel Ramos Otero died on October 7, 1990, leaving a body of work that includes four collections of short stories, two books of poetry, and a novel. At present, his work is not well-known outside of Puerto Rico. His readership is limited to Spanish speakers since he wrote exclusively in Spanish and his works have not been translated. This study introduces the author to the English-speaking reader, locating the work in its literary context, and presents a critical analysis and, to my knowledge, the first English translation of his short story "Vivir del cuento." It includes a discussion of the controversy regarding the appropriateness of English in Puerto Rican literature.

In Mexico, fragmentation is an integral element in social, political, and literary realities expressing an inequality among its citizens. This disparity is reflected in literary and cinematic representations. The Mexican male is the agent that perpetuates the fractured society, and his representation in the arts reflects the impediments to social progress in both the heterosexual and homosexual communities. The novels Los de abajo, Pedro Paramo , and La muerte de Artemio Cruz, present the traditional Mexican male and images of masculinity in the heterosexual community. El vampiro de la Colonia Roma by Luis Zapata introduces the male homosexual character into Mexican discourse and implies how he is affected by fragmentation. The film Y tu mama tambien (2001) by Alfonso Cuaron proposes that inequality will be perpetuated if Mexican society does not change its views of what is to be considered "masculine."