Budhu, Savena.

Multicultural literature has been characterized as primarily a collision between dominant and opposing orders, a binary dynamic manifested in any number of linguistic, cultural, social, and political forms. As valuable as this perspective has been in recent decades, multicultural literature offers more. Multicultural literature can be extended by applying to it the principles of possible-worlds theory, a recent critical approach that has pushed the envelope of literary interpretation to keep pace with other kinds of postmodern fiction. Despite the major headway of this new theory, however, its concepts have been rarely applied to multicultural fiction. Specifically within the Asian-American canon, recent literary works present fascinating and sometimes puzzling ways of referring not amenable to an analysis of East/West oppositional discourses. This thesis will go beyond these clashing discourses and explore the complex fictional and metafictional space in Nora Keller's debut novel Comfort Woman.

This dissertation proposes a two-part thesis on the South Asian diaspora in the Caribbean within contemporary Indo-Guyanese literature. First, Indo-Guyanese writers such as David Dabydeen, Oonya Kempadoo, and Narmala Shewcharan are using the genre of historical fiction to posit counter narratives that undermine dominant narratives of South Asian culture and gender roles. Second, even as these writers struggle against dominant narratives, their texts reinscribe the colonial discourse and rearticulate racial stereotypes. As argued in this dissertation, the dismal historical realities of ethnic tensions and failed anti-colonial tactics do not sufficiently address the flexible strategies often chosen by the characters and authors to navigate through racial and political convolution. By analyzing works by Indo-Guyanese, I attempt to open a conversation about race, place, and politics, offering some external viewpoints and revealing some important insights into the problems and contradict ions in Guyana. The value of these works is the calling for a connection to history as both a positive example (texts that show gaps in which characters can negotiate social borders) and a negative model (works that amplify racial tension and dismiss the divide and conquer strategy of the colonizer). This twofold thesis develops along three crucial historical periods - the dislocation from India and the heavy burden of indentured labor in British Guiana (1838-1917), ethnic victimization during post-independence (1970), and the subsequent flight to the First World (1980-1990): migration, nationalism, and exodus.