Cruz, Isabel

Type 2 diabetes is a public health challenge. Researchers at the center of disease control and prevention (CDC), report more than 34 million Americans have diabetes (about 1 in 10) (CDC, 2019). Uncontrolled diabetes over a long period of time can result in end-organ damage. End results of poor glycemic control can result in diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease and kidney failure (Sacks, 2017). In type 2 diabetes (T2D) cells do not respond normally to insulin, a condition known as insulin resistance. These results set the stage for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes often develops in people over age 45, but more recently children, teens, and young adults are also developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes in children are rising due to obesity rising. According to the CDC, more than 75 % children with type 2 diabetes have family members who also have it (CDC, 2019). With this being said, many evidence based research studies reveal how diabetes self- management is influenced by one’s confidence and willingness to manage diabetes. The patients desire to enhance their knowledge, skills and confidence is referred as “Patient Activation.” Increasing patient activation will help people manage their diabetes more effectively and be active in self-management behaviors (Regeer, Van Empelen, & Bilo, 2021).