Dirghangi, Shrija R.

In this short- term longitudinal study (N=428), the unique predictive association
between the positive peer nominated characteristic of being fun and peer status (peer
preference and popularity) was assessed in a sample of fourth through sixth grade
students. Concurrent hierarchical regression analyses and longitudinal structural equation
modeling analyses found that peer nominated fun positively predicted preference and
popularity, after accounting for the contribution of predictors potentially confounded with
being fun, such as prosocial behavior, academic achievement, relational aggression, and
physical aggression. The longitudinal association between fun and preference was
qualified by grade in school, such that being fun predicted increases in preference for
younger children but not for older children. There were bidirectional associations
between peer status and fun; fun predicted increases in peer preference and popularity,
but peer preference and popularity also predicted later increases in fun. The findings
point to the need to expand existing conceptualizations of the antecedents of peer status beyond known predictors and to examine the developmental shifts in the landscape of
children’s peer interactions that make certain characteristics more desirable at different
ages.

The current study assessed whether the accuracy of children’s self-reports of
events experienced differs as a function of age and how the question is asked. Additional
factors like metamemory and distractibility were assessed. Primary-school students (M=
7.7 years) and middle-school students (M = 9.7 years) completed two different versions
of an event frequency measure, two times, at one week intervals. In one of the measures
of event frequency, no memory prompts were provided (uncued questionnaire condition),
while in the other measure, recall categories for aiding recollections were provided (cued
questionnaire condition). Participants’ self-reported event frequencies for the cued and
uncued questionnaires were compared with trained observers’ event frequencies for the
cued and uncued conditions. Older children reported event frequency more accurately
than younger participants. Participants also reported events with greater accuracy with
the aid of memory prompts than without, an effect that was especially strong among the
younger children. Neither metamemory nor distractibility was accountable for the differences within age groups. The findings suggest that age-related improvements in
accuracy of event frequency across the transition into adolescence may, in part, be due to
improvements in the ability to recall and recount those events in the absence of memory
cues.