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The Foundation is organized primarily for research in the marine sciences and for the
development of oceanographic tools and systems for undersea research.
The following excerpts from the Articles of Incorporation outline our Harbor Branch
Foundation programs.
1. Accumulating and computerizing knowledge in the field of oceanology,
particularly as it applies to the effects of pollution.
2. Sponsoring and engaging in scientific research and development for the
purpose of making inventories and observing the behavior of marine plants and
animals through various stages of their life cycles in unpolluted and polluted
waters.
3. Developing new engineering tools and improved safety equipment for marine
and oceanographic research and operating laboratories for the furtherance of such
research.
4. Developing methods for changing the character of pollution, by eliminating
the harmful effects and by utilizin'g the nutrients and beneficial effects.
5. Sponsoring and engaging in underwater archaeology projects through the use
of new engineering tools and methods.
6. Preparing and distributing publications, research materials, lectures and
seminars which serve to disseminate knowledge of marine plants and animals
and ocean engineering research and development.
This booklet describes some of the interesting features of the principal tasks
and projects we have currently undertaken.

- J. S. Johnson, President

The Edwin A. Link lectures are made possible by grants from the
Link Foundation in honor of its founder, Edwin A. Link, engineer,
inventor, and explorer. They are administered by the Smithsonian
Institution in cooperation with the United States Office of
Education.
This sixth lecture was delivered on 17 February 1969, at the
Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, D. C. The two speakers used personal experiences
in underwater marine explorations to describe the evolution of
man's involvement in underseas activities and the importance
of the seas to mankind.

The Edwin A. Link lectures are made possible by grants from the
Link Foundation in honor of its founder Edwin A. Link, engineer, inventor,
and explorer. They are administered by the Smithsonian Institution
and designed to enrich the literature on the history of aerospace
and oceanography, and to contribute to "the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men."

As a further tribute to the inventive genius of Mr. Link, it is appropriate
that this, the seventh of the Link Lecture Series, be devoted to
his development of the newest and most practical underwater work
vehicle. The Johnson-Sea-Link submersible has just been commissioned
and promises a great advancement in the area of marine research.
For this achievement, also, we give immeasurable credit to
J. Seward Johnson, whose financial contributions have helped in its
construction, and will continue to help in its research operations.

We present a new distance estimation for the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite Sculptor
obtained from multi-epoch mid-infrared observations of RR Lyrae stars (RRLs). The 3.6 μm
observations have been acquired with the Infrared Array Camera onboard the Spitzer Space
Telescope as part of the SMHASH program. Mid-infrared light curves for 42 RRLs were
obtained, from which we measured Sculptor’s distance modulus to be μ = 19.60 ± 0.02
(statistical) ± 0.04 (photometric) mag (with σsys = 0.09 mag), using the 3.6 μm empirical
period–luminosity relations derived from the Galactic globular clusterM4, orμ=19.57±0.02
(statistical) ± 0.04 (photometric) mag (with σsys = 0.11 mag) using empirical relations in the
same passband recently derived from the Large Magellanic Cloud globular cluster Reticulum.
Both these measurements are in good agreement with values presented in previous works with
Sculptor RRLs in optical bands, and are also consistent with recent near-infrared RR Lyrae
results. Best agreement with the literature is found for the lattermodulus which is equivalent to
a distance of d = 82 ± 1 (statistical) ± 2 (photometric) kpc (with σsys = 4 kpc). Finally, using
a subsample of RRLs with spectroscopic metallicities, we demonstrate that these distance
estimates are not affected by metallicity effects.

Evidence shows that Black women diagnosed with breast cancer are substantially
less likely to undergo BRCA testing and other multipanel genetic testing compared
to White women, despite having a higher incidence of early-age
onset
breast cancer and triple-negative
breast cancer (TNBC). Our study identifies
predictors of BRCA testing among Black women treated for breast cancer and
examines differences between BRCA testers and nontesters. We conducted an
analysis of 945 Black women ages 18–64 diagnosed with localized or regional-stage
invasive breast cancer in Pennsylvania and Florida between 2007 and 2009.
Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of BRCA 1/2 testing. Few
(27%) (n = 252) of the participants reported having BRCA testing. In the
multivariate analysis, we found that perceived benefits of BRCA testing (predisposing
factor) ([OR], 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11–1.21; P < 0.001), income (enabling
factor) ([OR], 2.10; 95% CI: 1.16–3.80; p = 0.014), and BRCA mutation risk
category (need factor) ([OR], 3.78; 95% CI: 2.31–6.19; P < 0.001) predicted
BRCA testing. These results suggest that interventions to reduce disparities in
BRCA testing should focus on identifying patients with high risk of mutation,
increasing patient understanding of the benefits of BRCA testing, and removing
financial and other administrative barriers to genetic testing.

Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a loss of cognitive function which results in the interference
of an individual's daily life and activities. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer’s is classified as a progressive, debilitating neurodegenerative disease that results in disturbances
to a patient’s higher executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial orientation. Despite extensive
research on Alzheimer’s dementia, including both available and potential therapeutic modalities, this
neurodegenerative disease is incurable and will continue to pose a major public health concern. Current
treatment options for Alzheimer’s focus on symptom management and/or delaying the progression of the
disease. Therefore, new treatment strategies must be developed to combat such a deadly disease. One field
of medicine that has garnered significant interest from researchers to potentially treat Alzheimer’s is lowdose
ionizing radiation. Various reports suggest that the brain’s exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation
may serve as a therapeutic modality for combating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s
dementia. This article serves as a review of the current available treatments for Alzheimer’s disease and
discusses recent studies that provide evidence for the potential use of low-dose ionizing radiation as a
therapeutic in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of
idiopathic hypersomnia, and cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, such as memory loss and child-like
language. There is no definitive etiology for KLS; however, there are hypotheses of genetic predisposition,
autoimmune mechanisms, and abnormal thalamic and hypothalamic functioning. Similarly, there is no
definitive treatment for KLS as one method may be beneficial for one patient and not for another. We
present a case of KLS in a patient who has no clinical improvement in symptoms with a variety of
treatments. The parents of the patient agreed to attempt a trial of intranasal photobiomodulation (i-PBM)
with red light, in combination with methylene blue (MB). The patient showed remission of the KLS episode
following treatment with no further KLS episodes reported after treatment.

Australia is one of the driest continents on earth with most interior lands classified as steppe or desert. With an
expanding coastal population pushing farther inland, the need for freshwater increases for urban use, agriculture, and
industry and because there is little freshwater at the surface and most of the groundwater is too saline and generally
unsuitable for multiple uses, new sources of freshwater must be sought to sustain future development of Western
Australia’s interior. To mitigate this ongoing macroproblem, it is proposed to establish a new Southern Ocean maritime
sea-lane between Antarctica and Western Australia with the first large-scale deployment of very capacious floating
liquid freshwater containers (Stauber bags), barges hauled and shuttled regularly by carousel-type supertugboats to
convey a directly acquired, essentially cost-free, bulk-harvested potable subglacial Antarctic meltwater possibly siphoned
from beneath the floating Amery Ice Shelf and transported to Western Australia. Access of the floating liquid freshwater
containers to Perth, the capital city, would be up-slope the offshore Perth Canyon to the continental shelf. Stored
containers could lay off in the lee of Rottnest Island at the Perth Terminal. From there, freshwater could be transported
to wherever needed in coastal rural and urban Western Australia. On land, Pecero self-rolling bags could be used to
distribute all imported freshwater farther inland and serve also as stationary (parked) reservoirs. Stock watering, farm
irrigation, and drinking water as well as mineral mine, petroleum refinery, and sewage treatment processing are likely
additional income-producing consumptive users. Both bulk long-distance conveyance and long-term storage on land by
such means will naturally reduce the present-day stress on Western Australia’s domestic water supplies, storage, and
delivery systems that are limited by regional climates with long-term seasonal dryness. Freshwater imported would
absolutely reduce freshwater stress on Western Australia’s excessively exploited rivers and excessively mined aquifers.

This study seeks to better understand the human-nature interface and to measure the variability of
plant use knowledge among cultures, through inter- and intracultural analyses. We compared plant collection, use,
and management of two culturally distinct groups (Baitadi and Darchula) of the Nepal Himalaya. They inhabit
different physiographic regions, yet share the same ecological landscape, environmental resources, and livelihood
challenges. We hypothesized that the elderly, native, and traditional healers living in remote and rural places possess
more diverse and detailed knowledge of plant use and conservation than young, non-native, and non-healers.