Stein, Nancy Carol.

The cultural construction of the past and the role it plays in the present have contributed to our understanding of our history and our culture. Expression and definition of cultural identity are important factors in this discussion and can depend on who is in control of the image and what drives their interest. In order to examine these issues, I explore the roles of authority, voice, and empowerment. I look at cultural representation as portrayed by the African American community of Delray Beach Florida through an oral history project and self-representation through exhibits and public performances. I have documented the processes involved as the community gains control over the conceptualization of its past and creates an identify in the present. This example shows how anthropology can play a role that broadens the message of complex histories by the inclusion of personal experiences.

Thessaloniki, a city with an Ottoman, Byzantine, and Sephardic past, is located in the Balkan area of Macedonia, in northern Greece. Its history is the story of people who have come from someplace else. For several hundred years, the majority population of the city was comprised of Spanish speaking Sephardic Jews who contributed to all aspects of the development of the city. This significant presence is no longer visible unless one specifically knows where to look for its traces. It is not a history that has been silenced or erased, but rather obliterated. In this dissertation, I present the documented presence and transformations of the Jewish population in Thessaloniki from the earliest contributions to present day. This work on absence uses visual anthropology to explore the present day urban environment through an ethnographic account of the city of Thessaloniki. . This is a work about what happens when intentionally omitted histories remain absent from the public sphere. What remains physically present but unrepresented proves equally important in creating and reinforcing memory. Our relationship to our environment also may be compromised by what is absent. This project examines absence through the circumstances by which the past is represented in the present, and looks at how the past is experienced in ways that may be used to invoke, challenge, or re-direct the way a community is remembered.