Imperialism

This study focuses on some of the complexities of cultural imperialism in the Caribbean. Five hundred years of colonization by Europe, as well as the hegemonic influence of United States' international broadcast media, has contributed to the multiple identities that Caribbean peoples recognize and possess. Tourism and the development of consumer societies has contributed to the consumption of Caribbean culture. These issues, colonization, media imperialism, and tourism, are discussed with regard to their influences on Caribbean identities and consumption of Caribbean culture. The efforts of international organizations and the defenses of Caribbean countries are also discussed regarding the effects of cultural imperialism.

In 1976 the Colombian government signed an association contract
with INTERCOR, a subsidiary of The Exxon Corporation, to explore
and later exploit the coal mines of El Cerrejon. This contract,
its history and the controversial debates it generated,
exemplifies the historical dependency upon Western superpowers in
which Colombia has found itself since the Spanish Conquest. It is
a model for the study of neo-colonialist imperialism, since it
can be analyzed both, in terms of how Colombia, under its current
economic order, is dependent upon u.s. business interests, and
also in terms of how the political system of Colombia is
structured around the maintenance of imperialism, especially
because this state of affairs is vital in maintaining the ruling
class in power. Analyzing the Cerrejon contract from this
perspective leaves little doubt that Colombia must employ radical
measures to shake off its dependency upon the United States.

Women in Britain in the nineteenth century were expected to fulfill the traditional roles of wife and mother as determined by British society. Over the course of the nineteenth century, these ideals evolved, but the core functions of wife and mother remained at the center. Woman's participation outside the household was limited. British women travelers during the nineteenth century found themselves in many different environments. By examining samples of women's travel narratives from various locations in the Empire, this study analyzes the daily lives of British women in the Empire and determines that, while maintaining their roles within the private sphere as wives and mothers, women's activities in the colonies were less restricted than they would have been in Britain.

This research examines the U.S. media during the 1999 Women's World Cup from a feminist postcolonial standpoint. This research adds to current feminist scholarship on women and sports by de-centering the global North in its discourse. It reveals the bias of the media through the representation of the United States National Team as a universal "woman" athlete and the standard for international women's soccer. It further argues that, as a result, the Nigerian National Team was cast in simplistic stereotypes of race, class, ethnicity, and nation, which were often also appropriated and commodified. I emphasize that the Nigerian National Team resisted this construction and fought to secure their position in the global soccer landscape. I conclude that these biased representations, which did not fairly depict or value the contributions of diverse competing teams, were primarily employed to promote and sell the event to a predominantly white middle-class American audience.